Bibliografía de
Interpretación de estudios de laboratorio

[1] OMS · 2024 Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations.

[2] Takami A · 2026 How to Interpret the Complete Blood Count in Daily Practice. JMA J 9:1084-1093.

[3] Williams AM et al. · 2023 Improving Anemia Assessment in Clinical and Public Health Settings. J Nutr 153:S29-S41.

[4] Snook J et al. / BSG · 2021 Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in adults. Gut.

[5] KDIGO · 2026 Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease.

[6] NICE · 2024 NG239: Vitamin B12 deficiency in over 16s: diagnosis and management.

[7] Medicine: protocolo de práctica asistencial · 2024 Protocolo diagnóstico de las anemias hemolíticas. 14:1255-1259.

[8] Chew S, Kamangar M · 2024 Approach to pancytopenia: From blood tests to the bedside. Clin Med 24:100235.

[9] Osa-Andrews B et al. · 2025 An Introduction to the Complete Blood Count for Clinical Chemists: White Blood Cells. J Appl Lab Med 10:459-475.

[10] EHA / EuNet-INNOCHRON · 2023 European Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Neutropenia in Adults and Children. HemaSphere 7:e872.

[11] Regina J et al. · 2025 Immunodeficiencies in Adults: Key Considerations for Diagnosis and Management. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 68:92.

[12] Döhner H et al. / ELN · 2022 Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations. Blood 140:1345.

[13] European LeukemiaNet · 2025 Recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia.

[14] Eichhorst B et al. / EHA · 2026 Guidelines on management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Richter transformation. HemaSphere 10:e70403; corrección agosto 2026.

[15] Cattaneo M · 2025 Pseudothrombocytopenia and other conditions associated with spuriously low platelet counts. Haematologica 110:1677-1692.

[16] ISTH · 2020; actualización terapéutica 2025 Guidelines for diagnosis/treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

[17] Adcock DM et al. / ICSH · 2024 Recommendations for performance and interpretation of APTT and PT mixing tests. Int J Lab Hematol 46:777-788.

[18] Revisión en Medicina · 2023 Isolated Prolongation of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: Not Just Bleeding Risk!

[19] Iba T et al. / ISTH SSC · 2025 Updated definition and scoring of disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Thromb Haemost 23:2356-2362.

[20] KDIGO · 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease.

[21] American Diabetes Association · 2026 Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes.

[22] Umpierrez GE et al. · 2024 Hyperglycemic Crises in Adults With Diabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes Care 47:1257-1275.

[23] Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · 2024 Hyponatraemia - treatment standard 2024. 39:1583.

[24] UK Kidney Association · 2023 Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of Hyperkalaemia in Adults.

[25] Muthaluraj GP et al. · 2024 Optimising patient care: comprehensive evaluation of inpatient hypokalaemia. Br J Hosp Med 85:1-7.

[26] Desgagnés N et al. · 2025 Use of Albumin-Adjusted Calcium Measurements in Clinical Practice. JAMA Netw Open; corrección marzo 2025.

[27] American College of Gastroenterology · 2017 Clinical Guideline: Evaluation of Abnormal Liver Chemistries.

[28] Póvoa P et al. · 2023; online 2022 How to use biomarkers of infection or sepsis at the bedside: guide to clinicians. Intensive Care Med.

[29] Surviving Sepsis Campaign / SCCM-ESICM · 2026 International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock.

[30] Achanti A, Szerlip HM · 2023; online 2022 Acid-Base Disorders in the Critically Ill Patient. CJASN 18:102-112.

[31] Pippalapalli J, Lumb AB · 2023 The respiratory system and acid-base disorders. BJA Educ 23:221-228.

[32] Yee J et al. · 2022 Fundamentals of Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation. Kidney360 3:1458-1466.

[33] American Journal of Kidney Diseases · 2022 Metabolic Alkalosis Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment: Core Curriculum. 80:536-551.

[34] Dartiguelongue JB · 2024 Biological significance and clinical utility of lactate in sepsis. Arch Argent Pediatr 122:e202310149.

[35] Seccombe LM et al. / ANZSRS · 2024 Position statement for arterial blood gas sampling. Internal Medicine Journal.

[36] Miller JM et al. / IDSA-ASM · 2024 Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases.

[37] EUCAST · 2026 Clinical Breakpoint Tables v16.1, vigentes 24 junio-31 diciembre 2026.

[38] EUCAST · Definiciones vigentes; cambio 2019 Definition of S, I and R.

[39] CLSI · 2026 M100: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 36.ª edición. Identificación del estándar; sin reproducción de tablas propietarias.

[40] Humphries RM / CLSI · 2021 Re-Exploring the Intermediate Interpretive Category. Nota técnica del organismo emisor.

[41] IDSA · 2024 Guidance on treatment of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative infections.

[42] Nicolle LE et al. / IDSA · 2019 Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria.

[43] Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · 2023 Evaluation and management of hypernatremia in adults: clinical perspectives.

[44] Halfon P et al. · 2024 Laboratory tests for investigating anemia: From an expert system to artificial intelligence. Pract Lab Med 39:e00357.

[45] AASLD · 2023 Practice guidance on drug, herbal, and dietary supplement-induced liver injury. Hepatology 77:1036-1065.

[46] Cho SY · 2025 Novel biomarkers for acute phase reactants. Clin Exp Emerg Med 12:1-3.

[47] South African Family Practice · 2025 Mastering blood gas interpretation: A practical guide for primary care providers. 67:6058.

[48] Morikawa MJ, Ganesh PR · 2025 Acid-Base Interpretation: A Practical Approach. Am Fam Physician 111:148-155; versión corregida.

[49] Azim A et al. · 2024; online 2023 How I Evaluate a High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis. CJASN 19:525-527.

[50] ACC/AHA y sociedades colaboradoras · 2026 Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia. JACC / Circulation.

[51] NICE · 2022 NG219: Gout: diagnosis and management.

[52] Touyz RM, de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ · 2024 Magnesium Disorders. N Engl J Med 390:1998-2009.

[53] Parameshwaran et al. · 2026 Hypophosphataemia in adults: approach to diagnosis and management. Internal Medicine Journal.